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SAS TRANING

INTRODUCTION

  • Introduction
  • Need for SAS
  • Who uses SAS
  • What is SAS?
  • Overview of base SAS software
  • Data management facility
  • Structure of SAS dataset
  • SAS program
  • Programming language
  • Elements of the SAS language
  • Rules for SAS statements
  • Rules for most SAS names
  • Special rules for variable names
  • Types of variables
  • Data analysis and reporting utilities
  • Traditional output
  • Ways to run SAS programs
  • SAS windowing environment
  • Noninteractive mode
  • Batch mode
  • Interactive line mode
  • Running programs in the SAS windowing environment

How SAS Works

  • Writing your first SAS program
  • A simple program to read raw data and produce a report
  • Enhancing the program
  • More on comment statements
  • Internal processing in SAS
  • How SAS works
  • The compilation phase
  • The execution phase
  • Processing a data step: a walkthrough
  • Creating the input buffer and the program data vector
  • Writing an observation to the SAS data set
  • Four types of SAS libraries
  • SAS libraries
  • Work library
  • SAS help library
  • SAS user library

Reading Raw Data into SAS

  • What is raw data
  • Definitions
  • Data values
  • Numeric value
  • Character value
  • Standard data
  • Nonstandard data
  • Numeric data
  • Character data
  • Choosing an input style
  • List input
  • Modified list input
  • Column input
  • Formatted input
  • Named input
  • Instream data
  • Creating multiple records from single input row
  • Reading data from external files
  • Reading blank separated values (list or free form data):
  • Reading raw data separated by commas (.csv files):
  • Reading in raw data separated by tabs (.txt files):
  • Using informats with list input
  • Supplying an informat statement with list input
  • Using list input with embedded delimiters
  • Reading raw data that are aligned in columns:
  • Method 1: column input
  • Method 2: formatted input
  • Using more than one input statement: the single trailing @
  • Reading column data that is on more than one line
  • Mixed-style input:
  • Infile options for special situations
  • Flowover
  • Missover
  • Truncover
  • Pad
  • Using lrecl to read very long lines of raw data
  • Checking your data after it has been read into SAS

Reading Data From A Dataset

  • Introduction
  • Set statement overview
  • Automatic variables in SAS
  • Interleave multiple SAS data sets
  • Combine multiple SAS data sets
  • Creating & modifying variables
  • Creating multiple datasets in a single data-step
  • Subsetting observations
  • Conditional SAS statements
  • Logical and special operators
  • The SAS supervisor and the set statement
  • Efficiency and the set statement
  • Know your data
  • Set statement data set options
  • Drop and keep options
  • Rename option
  • Firstobs and obs options
  • In option -
  • Where option -
  • Other set statement options
  • End option
  • Key option
  • Nobs option
  • Point option
  • Do loops and the set statement
  • Introduction to retain statement
  • Carry over values from one observation to another
  • Compare values across observations
  • Assign initial values
  • Determining column order in output dataset
  • SAS system options

Reading Data From A Dataset

  • Input SAS data set for example
  • Selecting observations for a new SAS data set
  • Deleting observations based on a condition
  • Accepting observations based on a condition
  • Comparing the delete and subsetting if statements
  • Methods of creating new data sets with a subset
  • Subsetting records from an external file with a subsetting if statement
  • Subsetting observations in a data step with a where statement
  • Subsetting observations in a proc step with a where statement
  • Subsetting observations in proc sql
  • Difference between if and where

SAS informats and formats Overview

  • Using SAS informats
  • Input statement
  • Input function
  • Inputn and inputc functions
  • Attrib and informat statements
  • Using SAS formats
  • Format statement in procedures
  • Put statement
  • Put function
  • Putn and putc functions
  • Bestw. Format
  • Additional comments

SAS functions

  • Categories of functions
  • SAS character functions
  • Functions that change the case of characters
  • Upcase
  • Lowcase
  • Propcase
  • Functions that remove characters from strings
  • Function: compbl
  • Function: compress
  • Functions that search for characters
  • Function: anydigit
  • Function: anypunct
  • Function: anyspace
  • Function: notalnum
  • Function: notupper
  • Functions that search strings
  • Find and findc
  • Index, indexc, and indexw
  • Functions to verify data
  • Function verify
  • Functions that extract parts of strings
  • Function: substrn
  • Functions that join two or more strings
  • Function: cats
  • Function: catt
  • Function: catx
  • Functions that remove blanks from strings
  • Function: left
  • Function: right
  • Function: trim
  • Function: trimn
  • Function: strip
  • Function: compare
  • Functions that divide strings into "words"
  • Function: scan
  • Function: translate
  • Function: tranwrd
  • Functions that compute the length of strings
  • Function: length
  • Function: lengthc
  • Function: lengthm
  • Function: lengthn
  • Functions that count the number of letters or substrings in a string
  • Miscellaneous string functions
  • Function: missing
  • Function: repeat
  • Function: reverse
  • SAS date and time functions
  • What is a SAS date and time literal?
  • Date and time functions
  • Functions to create date and time values
  • Functions to take date time values apart
  • Functions to get quarter ,year or day of the date
  • Functions that work with intervals
  • Using formats for date and time
  • System options for date and time

An Introduction To Arrays And Array Processing

  • Why do we need arrays?
  • Basic array concepts
  • Array statement
  • Array references
  • Variable name array reference
  • Using array indexes
  • One dimension arrays
  • Multi-dimension arrays
  • Temporary arrays
  • Sorting arrays
  • Determining array bounds: lbound and hbound functions
  • When to use arrays
  • Common errors and misunderstandings
  • Invalid index range
  • Function name as an array name
  • Array referenced in multiple data steps, but defined in only one

By - Group Processing

  • Definitions for by-group processing
  • By-group processing
  • By value
  • By group
  • First.variable and last.variable
  • Modifying SAS data sets: examples.
  • Invoking by-group processing
  • Preprocessing input data for by-group processing
  • Sorting observations for by-group processing
  • Indexing for by-group processing
  • How the data step identifies by groups
  • Processing observations in a by group
  • How SAS determines first.variable and last.variable
  • Processing by-groups in the data step
  • Overview
  • Processing by-groups conditionally
  • Data not in alphabetic or numeric order
  • Data grouped by formatted values

Overview Of Methods For Combining Sas Data Sets

  • Definitions
  • Concatenating
  • Interleaving
  • One-to- one reading or one-to-one merging
  • Match-merging
  • Updating
  • Modifying
  • Definitions for reading, combining, and modifying SAS data sets
  • Reading a SAS data set
  • Combining SAS data sets
  • Modifying SAS data sets
  • Overview of tools
  • Reading SAS data sets
  • Reading a single SAS data set
  • Reading from multiple SAS data sets
  • Combining SAS data sets: basic concepts
  • One-to-one
  • One-to-many and many-to-one
  • Many-to-many
  • Access methods: sequential versus direct
  • Sequential access
  • Direct access
  • One-to-one reading
  • Data step processing during a one-to-one reading
  • One-to-one merging
  • Match-merging
  • Updating with the update and the modify statements :
  • Definitions
  • Syntax of the update statement
  • Syntax of the modify statement -
  • Updating with nonmatched observations, missing values, and new variables -
  • Using an index with the modify statement

SAS procedures

  • Introduction
  • The anatomy of a proc
  • The proc statement
  • Title and footnote statements
  • By statement
  • Label statement
  • Format statement
  • Run or quit statement
  • Description of data used in reports
  • SAS reporting procedures
  • Procs for all that detail
  • Using proc print
  • Using proc sql
  • Proc report
  • Procs that summarize
  • Using proc chart
  • Using proc freq
  • Using proc means
  • Using proc univariate
  • Introduction to proc tabulate
  • Data manipulation and management procedure
  • Proc sort
  • Other important procs
  • Proc transpose
  • Definitions
  • Proc printto
  • Compare procedure
  • Proc append
  • How to import an excel file into SAS

Introduction To Proc Sql

  • Introduction
  • Why learn proc sql?
  • Select statement
  • The select statement syntax
  • A simple proc sql
  • A complex proc sql
  • Limiting information on the select
  • Creating new variables
  • The calculated option on the select
  • Using labels and formats
  • The case expression on the select
  • Additional select statement clauses
  • Remerging
  • Remerging for totals
  • Calculating percentage
  • Sorting the data in proc sql
  • Sort on new column
  • Subsetting using the where
  • Incorrect where clause
  • Where on computed column
  • Selection on group column
  • Use having clause
  • Creating new tables
  • Joining datasets using proc sql
  • Inner join
  • Joining three or more tables
  • Outer joins
  • Including nonmatching rows with the right outer join
  • Selecting all rows with the full outer join
  • Concatenating query results

An Introduction To Sas Macros

  • Introduction
  • SAS macro overview
  • Traditional SAS programming
  • The SAS macro language
  • Macro language components
  • Macro variables
  • Macro statements
  • Macro processor flow
  • Automatic macro variables
  • Macro debugging options
  • What is a macro?
  • Defining and using macros
  • Positional macro parameters
  • Keyword macro parameters
  • Conditional macro compilation
  • The %do statement
  • SAS data step interfaces

The Output Delivery System (Ods)

  • Introduction
  • Creating various types of reports listing output
  • Other destinations
  • Html
  • Pdf and postscript
  • Rtf files
  • Microsoft excel
  • Adding style to your reports
  • Locate existing styles
  • Ods style= option
  • Customize your reports
  • Ods select; and ods exclude;
  • Other customizations
  • Ods proclabel= ;
  • Ods proctitle; and ods noproctitle;
  • Advanced techniques
  • Ods document
  • Proc template

Introduction To Diagnosing And Avoiding Errors

  • Introduction
  • Understanding how the SAS supervisor checks a job
  • Understanding how SAS processes errors
  • Distinguishing types of errors .SAS recognizes four kinds of errors:
  • Syntax errors
  • Execution-time errors
  • Data errors
  • Semantic errors
  • Diagnosing errors
  • Diagnosing syntax errors
  • Diagnosing data errors
  • Using a quality control checklist

Advance Topics In Sas

  • Performing advanced queries using proc sql
  • Introducing macro variables
  • Creating and using macro programs
  • Storing macro programs
  • Creating samples and indexes
  • Using lookup tables to match data
  • Modifying SAS data sets and tracking changes
  • Introduction to efficient SAS programming

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